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| PUBLICATIONS (Ranked by impact factor of the journal) |
Exogenous OX40 Stimulation during Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection Impairs Follicular Th Cell Differentiation and Diverts CD4 T Cells into the Effector Lineage by Upregulating Blimp-1
Scientists recently demonstrated that the TNFR family costimulatory molecule OX40 is critically required to sustain antiviral T cell and Ab responses that enable control of viral replication in the context of chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. Here, they investigated whether reinforcing OX40 stimulation through an agonist Ab had the potential to prevent LCMV persistence. [J Immunol] Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial Virus G Protein CX3C Motif Impairs Human Airway Epithelial and Immune Cell Responses
Scientists used an in vitro model of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection comprised of human PBMCs separated by a permeable membrane from human airway epithelial cells infected with RSV with either an intact CX3C motif or a mutated motif. They showed that the CX4C induces higher levels of type I/III IFN in A549 cells, increased IFN-α and TNF-α production by human pDC and monocytes, and increased IFN-γ production in effector/memory T cell subpopulations. [J Virol] Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus Alpha Toxin Suppresses Effective Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in a Murine Dermonecrosis Model
Alpha toxin (AT), an essential virulence factor for Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections, has been reported to damage tissue integrity; however its effect on the immune response has not been investigated. Investigators demonstrated that infection with USA300 AT isogenic mutant, or passive immunization with an AT neutralizing mAb, 2A3, 24 hours prior to infection with wild type USA300, resulted in dermonecrotic lesion size reduction, and robust neutrophil infiltration. [PLoS One] Full Article
The Fibronectin-Binding Motif within FlpA Facilitates Campylobacter jejuni Adherence to Host Cell and Activation of Host Cell Signaling
Researchers examined FlpA, a C. jejuni fibronectin (Fn)-binding protein composed of three FNIII-like repeats D1, D2 and D3, to identify the interactions required for cellular adherence on pathogen-induced host cell signaling. In vivo experiments revealed that FlpA is necessary for C. jejuni disease based on bacterial dissemination to the spleen of IL-10−/− germ-free mice. [Emerging Microbes & Infections] Full Article
HIV
Kinetics of Myeloid Dendritic Cell Trafficking and Activation: Impact on Progressive, Nonprogressive and Controlled SIV Infections
Researchers assessed the role of myeloid dendritic cells in the outcome of SIV infection by comparing and contrasting their frequency, mobilization, phenotype, cytokine production and apoptosis in pathogenic, nonpathogenic and controlled SIVagmSab infection. [PLoS Pathog] Full Article
Coadministration of Polyinosinic:Polycytidylic Acid and Immunostimulatory Complexes Modifies Antigen Processing in Dendritic Cell Subsets and Enhances HIV Gag-Specific T Cell Immunity
Scientists assessed the effect of combining two adjuvants with distinct mechanisms of action on their ability to prime T cells: the TLR3 ligand, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, and immunostimulatory complexes. Each adjuvant was administered alone or together with HIV Gag protein (Gag), and the magnitude, quality, and phenotype of Gag-specific T cell responses were assessed. [J Immunol] Abstract
Restricted 5′-End Gap Repair of HIV-1 Integration Due to Limited Cellular dNTP Concentrations in Primary Human Macrophages
The authors investigated the efficiency of gap repair at integration sites in different HIV-1 target cell types. They found that the general gap repair machinery in macrophages was attenuated as compared to dividing CD4+ T cells.They also tested whether the poor dNTP availability found in macrophages is responsible for the delayed HIV-1 proviral DNA integration in this cell type, since the KM value of Pol β is much higher than the dNTP concentrations found in macrophages. [J Biol Chem] Abstract | Full Article
The Role of HIV and Monocytes/Macrophages in Adipose Tissue Biology
To assess the role of HIV and monocytes/macrophages in adipose tissue dysregulation. HIV DNA in circulating monocyte subsets was quantitated by real-time PCR. Biopsied subcutaneous fat was examined for macrophage content by CD68 staining. [J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr] Abstract
Effect of Hepatitis C Infection on HIV-Induced Apoptosis
Investigators studied CD4+ and CD8+ T cell and CD19+ B cell apoptosis in 104 HIV-positive patients (56 were also Hepatitis C virus [HCV]-positive) and in 22 HCV/HIV-coinfected patients treated for chronic hepatitis C with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. They also analyzed HCV/HIV coinfection in a Daudi B-cell line expressing CD4 and susceptible to both HCV and HIV infection. [PLoS One] Full Article
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| INDUSTRY NEWS |
HIV Vaccines Elicit Immune Response in Infants
A new analysis of two HIV vaccine trials that involved pediatric patients shows that the investigational vaccines stimulated a critical immune response in infants born to HIV-infected mothers, researchers report. [EurekAlert!] Press Release
LSUHSC Awarded $3 Million Grant to Study Effect of HIV-Related Changes to Oral Bacteria
Dr. Paul Fidel, the Carl Baldridge Professor and Associate Dean for Research at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center (LSUHSC) New Orleans’ School of Dentistry, is the lead principal investigator of a $2.76 million grant from the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research over five years to study how HIV and antiretroviral therapy may change communities of bacteria in the mouth and what effects those changes may have on oral infections in HIV disease. [EurekAlert!] Press Release |
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